Tsuga canadensis
Eastern Hemlock
The Eastern Hemlock is a slow-growing beauty that takes centuries to mature. Hemlock groves form thick canopies that block most light from reaching the forest floor. The ground flora under hemlocks is quite sparse and generally only a few ferns are found amongst a thick layer of decomposing needles, as along areas of the Hemlock Trail in Spruce Glen. This unique environment makes hemlock groves quite distinct from neighboring stands of mixed hardwoods and has led some to refer to them as Hemlock cathedrals for their peaceful quality. Hemlocks provide essential habitat for many local creatures. When their branches hang over creeks, they create shady conditions which then lowers and stabilizes the temperature of the water underneath. This effect creates the ideal environment for many aquatic organisms including our native brook trout. In the forest, hemlock’s low and dense branches also provide essential winter cover for animals such as ruffed grouse, wild turkey and white-tailed deer.